Quality Laboratory Labware: PTFE, Glass, Plastics, Porcelain, and Condensers for Chemical Precision
Substance Qualities and Main FeaturesPTFE Labware
PTFE labware excels in Serious chemical resistance, handling HF, fuming nitric acid, and bases at 260°C consistently, with beakers (50-5000ml) and bottles showcasing non-stick surfaces lessening cleaning time by eighty% by way of small 0.05 friction coefficient. Virgin PTFE avoids contamination in Glass Condenser trace metal Investigation (<0.1ppb leaching), autoclavable at 121°C indefinitely, opaque white aiding visibility in fluoropolymer reactions. Ideal for Pakistani analytical labs processing corrosives, machined tolerances ±0.02mm guarantee vacuum-tight fittings with no grease.
Glass Labware
Glass labware uses borosilicate 3.three for 166°C thermal shock tolerance, such as volumetric flasks (ten-10L) exact to ±0.05% at 20°C and Erlenmeyer flasks (twenty five-6000ml) for mixing less than stirring. Very clear transparency displays reactions, reduced alkali release satisfies pH-delicate titrations, dry-heat sterilizable to one hundred eighty°C. Important for distillations and reflux, regular in university natural and organic chemistry with ground joints (10/18 to 34/35) for leak-no cost assemblies.
Glass Labware Assembly
Glass labware assembly connects by way of common taper joints with PTFE sleeves for grease-no cost seals below 1 torr vacuum, forming distillation setups like flask-condenser-receiver with 24/forty sizing for 1L volumes. Clip assemblies reduce breakage, modular for Soxhlet extractors operating 48 hrs, lessening setup mistakes sixty% in instructing environments. Pre-assembled reflux kits include boiling chips, perfect for crucial oil isolation.
Plastics Labware
Plastics labware employs PP for autoclavable racks (as many as 134°C, 100 cycles) and HDPE carboys (20L) resisting 80% HNO3, lightweight at 1/5th glass fat for Harmless transportation. PS petri dishes (90mm) disposable for cultures, polycarbonate cylinders influence-resistant to drops from 1m. Value 70% decreased than glass, perfect for high-throughput ELISA with 96-nicely plates minimizing cross-contamination.
Porcelain Labware
Porcelain labware withstands 1450°C peaks in crucibles (10-1000ml) for muffle furnace ashings, unglazed interiors absorbing molten salts in gravimetry, density 2.4g/cm³ avoiding flotation. Glazed mortars (100ml) grind samples abrasion-absolutely free, reusable five hundred+ situations post-firing cleanup. Used in cement labs for loss-on-ignition tests, brittle nature demands padded storage.
Glass Condenser
Glass condensers characteristic Liebig straight-tube types (two hundred-600mm) with 300-1200cm² cooling spot for Glass Condenser ethanol distillations at 100ml/hour, borosilicate jackets flowing 2L/min h2o. 19/38 joints in good shape spherical bottoms, economical for easy reflux boiling down below a hundred and fifty°C.
Lab Glass Condenser
Lab glass condensers involve coil Graham types (350mm) condensing low boilers like DCM with 1800cm² area, reducing hold-up to 8ml for quantitative yields. Allihn bulb variations promote drip return, standard for 500ml reactions yielding ninety eight% purity.